Application of pollution indices for evaluation of heavy metals in soil close to phosphate fertilizer plant, Assiut, Egypt

Pollution indices were used to investigate the levels of heavy metal concentrations in a polluted area under the effect of fertilizer plant emissions at Manqabad, Assiut. Huge amounts of dusts, fumes and gases containing heavy metals which are released from the industrial processing activities, precipitated in the neighbouring area by the effect of meteorological factors causing soil pollution. Soil samples were taken from the area downwind of the factory and analyzed to detect concentration of heavy metals in the study area. Results of soil analysis showed that the area has been harmfully affected by the heavy metals: Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and their average concentrations are 0.3 mg/kg, 57.0 mg/kg, 94.7 mg/kg and 80.7 mg/kg respectively. These values exceeded the concentrations in soil background [0.013 mg/kg for Cd, 9.62 mg/kg for Cu, 5.17 mg/kg for Pb and 11.56 mg/kg for Zn] obtained from unpolluted area far from industrial activities and also exceeded the international standards for soil pollution stated by WHO. Pollution indices were developed to evaluate the levels of soil pollution with heavy metals. Index of geo-accumu!ation [Igeo], Enrichment Factor [EF], Pollution Index [PI], and Load Pollution Index [LPI], were estimated. The calculated results of contamination degree showed that the investigated area lies under the class of high pollution. In final conclusion, the investigated area is highly affected by emissions from the fertilizer plant So control measures should be applied to the fertilizer plant and the polluted soil area adjacent to the factory should be remediate

Polarographic determination of the stability constants of cadmium and lead ternary complexes with thiosemicarbazide and thiosulphate

The stability constants of binary and ternary complexes of Cd [II] and Pb [II] ions with thiosemicarbazide [TSC] as a primary ligand and thiosulphate [TS] as a secondary ligand have been determined polarographically at 25 degree and micro = 0.13 M [NaNO3]. Cadmium and lead ions individually form 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes with both ligands. The complexation constants of the mixed species Beta11, Beta12 and Beta21 are calculated. The negative value of Beta12 in the Pb[II] -TSC-TS system indicates the absence of Pb[[TSC] [TS]2][2]

Polarographic reduction of Cd [II] in thiosulphate and thiosulphate-ethanol mixture media

The polarographic reduction of Cd [II] in thiosulphate solution has been studied by several authors. Davis [1] reported that the maximum coordination number, p, for Cd [II] was 3 at 0.25 to 1 M ligand concentration. At concentrations of thiosulphate <3-3 X 10[3] M and micro=0.1, two complexes with p = 1 and 2 were formed; for higher values of JLI and 0 9 M thiosulphate another complex with p = 3 was formed [2]. On the other hand, the complex with p =3 was directly formed [3] at thiosulphate concentration > 0-1 M. Jadhav et a. [4] reported that complex formation occurred in a consecutive character, with p = 1,2 and 3 at 0-02 to 0-30M ligand concentration. The present work was undertaken to investigate the behaviour of Cd [II] in presence of thiosulphate and to examine the effect of ethanol on the polarographic reduction of Cd [II] in thiosulphate solution

Rotating platinum electrode titrations of mercurous and silver ions with sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate at zero applied voltage

A mperometrtc titrations of Small quantities of Ag [I] [1microg/ml] and Hg 2[II] [6 micro g/ml] a re carried out accurately with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as a titrant at zero applied voltage. The rotating platinum-micro electrode is used as an indicator electrode in conjunction with Hg-Hg[2] SO[4]-K[2]SO[4] [sat.] as a reference electrode. Interferences from Co [II], Ni [II] Zn, Mn [ID, Fe [II], Fe [III], Cd [II], Pb [II], Cu [II] and Hg [II] are discussed. The errors are in the order of +/- 0.5 percent